David A. Thomas and Robin J. Elys Three Paradigms of...

1. David A. Thomas and Robin J. Elys three paradigms of diversity focuses on: (1) discrimination and fairness, (2) access and legitimacy, and (3) learning and effectiveness paradigm as shown. Most people assume that workplace diversity is about increasing racial, national, gender, or class representation - in other words, recruiting and retaining more people from traditionally underrepresented identity group. [1] This is true for both discrimination and fairness and access and legitimacy paradigms. Although these two paradigms are the most common way that companies approach diversity, they are not the most effective way for companies to manage diversity. Discrimination and fairness paradigm focuses on hiring women and people of†¦show more content†¦It is important to hear the employees opinions, acknowledge their concerns, and give them feedback. Additionally, companies gain organizational effectiveness in managing diversity when they restructure its mission, culture, and practices. This will allow them to connect diversity to the company’s goals. This style is exactly why the establishment I worked for was effective with managing diversity. Organizational effectiveness for managing diversity was in full effect when I became employed with my former company. I have heard stories of how it was before then; the Executive Director was white, all department heads were males, people were hired to match the community, and women were mostly support staff. This all changed when a Latino male succeeded the current Executive Director. When I started working there, diversity was never an issue. We were located in the heart of the South Bronx, but yet all walks of life worked there. Women were top managers, there was never a known gap in gender, age, ethnicity, or group, skills and qualifications were the determinants of hire and not how the person looked, etc. The company was more like a family type atmosphere than a working institution. The staff was involved in mostly all decision making process because our opinions mattered and they let us know that we had a voice. Our meetings were

The Correction Treatment Of The Progressive Era - 2742 Words

The correction treatment that characterizes the rehabilitative ideal emerged out of the Progressive Era (the early 1900s). This correctional mechanism made use of pre-sentence investigations, indeterminate sentencing, the invention of a non adversarial juvenile justice system, whose purpose was to â€Å"save† disobedient children, endorse probation, with its focus on presentence reports and offender supervision; and the growth of parole release, and the perception that interventions with offenders should alter their criminal propensities and make them productive, law-abiding citizens. Prison is a place where the criminal justice system put its entire hopes. The correctional mechanism or treatment, if fails will lead to the collapse of whole criminal procedure. The concept of reformation has become the catchphrase in modern criminal justice system. Human rights jurisprudence advocates that no crime should be punished in a cruel, humiliating or in an brutal manner. From history of world especially of countries like USA, India it can be find out that punishments rang- ing from lashings, confinement in stocks, and public brandings for minor offenses to hanging for heinous crimes—including theft were given.1 for those who were awaiting trial. At that time emphasis was placed on the importance of hard labor and silence— the latter so as to give the offender the chance to do penance for committing the crime even as the conditions of confinement grew moreShow MoreRelatedThe Incarceration Of The Correctional System910 Words   |  4 Pagesimprisonment as a form of criminal punishment became a widespread in the United States. The Jackson Administration use rehabilitative labor as a penalty during the American Civil War. Parole, probation, and indeterminate sentencing came in the Progressive Era, which later became a main mechanism in the American penal practice. Incarceration is one of the main forms of punishment and rehabilitation in the United States. According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics there a 2,266,800 adults wereRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The United States1092 Words   |  5 PagesDepartment of Corrections; this agency is responsible for the regulation and controlled of convicted prisoners. The Department of Corrections allows the safety of the community by performing safe and secure facilities which keeps the prisoners and offenders under control. In prison there are wide facilities are available for offenders and prisoners such as medical treatment, educational and vocational programs. These programs are there to help the offenders become better citizens. Corrections are providingRead MoreHistory of Punishment2331 Words   |  10 PagesClass Notes for CJ 352_Spring 2011 History Instructor: Marcos L. Misis (ABD) . 1 HISTORY OF CORRECTIONS IN AMERICA Early History of Corrections †¢ Codified punishment for offenders was developed in the early ages of human history. †¢ One of the earliest known written codes that specified different types of offenses and punishments was the Code of Hammurabi in 1750 B.C. The Code of Hammurabi was divided into sections to cover different types of offenses and contained descriptionsRead MoreThe Articles Of Cullen And Jonson1240 Words   |  5 Pagesto reduce crime through treatment, as in mental help for the criminal to see if doctors can assist criminals in stopping their bad ways. Restoration is the idea of healing the harm done by the offenders to the victims. As in to restore the injured parties to make them whole again, to restore balance in the justice system, also to get back to a normal state rather than getting even within the crime, this method focus on the offense and the offender of the crime. Correction is a serious business forRead MoreTaking a Look at Biliary Artisia728 Words   |  3 PagesIt is widely agreed upon in medicine that time is of the essence when it comes to diagnosis and treatment of disease. The pediatric disease, biliary atresia (BA) is no different in this regard, as it has been well accepted for several decades that the timely recognition and repair of BA is essential1. BA is a progressive, idiopathic disease characterized by extensive fibrosis of the extrahepatic biliary tree resulting in blockage of bile flow. BA is the most common cause of surgically correctableRead MoreEssay on Does The Punishment Fit The Crime?851 Words   |  4 Pagesin which we punish those criminal behaviors changes. In the early modern era in Europe, public executions were the primary punishment given to members of society who were involved in criminal behavior. This form of punishment served to showcase the absolute power of the state, King and church to take away the life of any citizen who disrupts peace. It was a way to make the criminal justice system visible and effective in an era when the criminal justice system was in its beginning stages of demonstratingRead MoreCriminal Laws Should Be Organized1513 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the 1980s, crime and corrections became very important to the public and elected officials since crime was increasing and with constant media coverage, violent crime created fear and anger and the target grew into holding offenders accountable for their conduct and the current Retributive Era came into existence. This model emphasized public safety above all else. Correctional punishments were tough with very little inmate resources. This was the return to the Classical School of criminalityRead MoreEssay on Alternatives to Prison1677 Words   |  7 Pagessecurity prisons are utilized for the offenders serving a sentenced amount of time for their offenses. Their levels of security and prison design are more intense than the minimum security prisons. The effectiveness of prisons has decreased due to progressive overcrowding, and the lack of conclusive alternatives. The need for alternatives has grown immensely over the last decade. Nonetheless, the State and Federal governments are desperate for competent, less expensive solutions. Costs of keeping a prisonerRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Use Disorder On America s Prison System1339 Words   |  6 PagesHeroin was discovered in the cell he resided in, and in an unprecedented legal proceeding, Judge Richard Berman gave Cameron the longest sentence on record for a prisoner found to have drugs while incarcerated. Instead of receiving much needed treatment for his disorder, Cameron will spend nearly the same amount of time in prison as his original sentence called for. The Numbers Drug use and abuse is not a new problem for America’s prison system, and is one which speaks to the larger issue corruptingRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay2173 Words   |  9 Pagesoffenders above the age of seven were treated and incarcerated like adult offenders† (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.5). The treatment of youths had created distaste among the reformers towards jail terms for juveniles; they desired a system to be more compliance with the â€Å"due process of law.† Furthermore, the reformer was seeking to convert from what they saw as inhumane treatment of the juvenile therefore, facility such as the house of refuge was started. â€Å"The earliest Reformatory Refuge was built

Episode Mining and Genetic Algorithm - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Episode Mining and Genetic Algorithm. Answer: Introduction: PepsiCo, Inc, Netflix, Inc, and Tesla Motors Inc is mainly identified as the overall stocks, which will be evaluated to identify its financial viability and detect investment scope. In addition, the adequate financial ratios are calculated to identify current position of the company and the risk involved in Investments. The companies selected from the portfolio are PepsiCo, Inc, Netflix, Inc, and Tesla Motors Inc, which would be further research to identify the investment scope in the company. the selected stocks are relevantly diversified, as the industry of chosen companies ranges from entertainment, beverages and automobile. The diversification is relatively high, as the companies does not fall under the same industry, which helps in spreading the risk from investment. The further research on the company would eventually help in identifying its current position and future scope, which is essential for continuing investing in the selected stocks (Lan, Lin and Lin 2015). Financial ratios are evaluated as follows for the selected companies. PepsiCo, Inc: PepsiCo, Inc 2015 2016 2017 Operating Margin 13.25% 15.58% 16.54% Debt/Equity 2.46 2.67 3.06 Quick Ratio 1.05 1.08 1.29 Gross Margin 54.44% 55.08% 54`69% The overall financial ratios of PepsiCo mainly depict the Company's financial strength which has improved over the fiscal years. the increment in operating margin and gross margin mainly state the financial capability of the organization to generate higher returns from its operations. Moreover, the quick ratio of the company has improved radically from 1.05 to 1.29. However, the depth to equity ratio has a relatively increased in three fiscal years, which increases the concern regarding insolvency (Reuters.com 2018). Netflix, Inc: Netflix, Inc 2015 2016 2017 Operating Margin 4.51% 4.30% 7.17% Debt/Equity 1.07 1.26 1.81 Gross Margin 32.27% 31.72% 34.49% Quick Ratio 0.65 0.38 0.52 The financial ratios of Netflix indicate the increasing stability of the organization in achieving higher returns from investment. However, the quick ratio has declined, while the debt to equity ratio has increased, which indicate the deteriorating financial position of the organization in the three fiscal years (Reuters.com 2018). Tesla Motors Inc: Tesla Motors Inc 2015 2016 2017 Quick Ratio 0.48 0.67 0.51 Operating Margin -17.71% -9.53% -13.88% Debt/Equity 1.91 1.26 2.22 Gross Margin 22.82% 22.85% 18.90% The financial position of Tesla Motors has a relatively indicated the deteriorating condition of the company over the period of three fiscal years. The financial ratios such as operating margin, gross margin and quick ratio as a relatively deteriorated over the period of the analysis, which indicates the rising problems of the organization. The rising debt to equity ratio also adds on to the deterioration in financial position of the company (Reuters.com 2018). The selection of stocks is relatively based on Instinct, as companies that are chosen for investment is the market leader of their segment. The emotional level is relatively used for selecting the stocks such as Tesla Motors for investment, who is incurring losses in their operations. Due to the emotional decision the overall investment risk in the portfolio is relatively increased, as Tesla motor Incs financial position has relatively deteriorated over the period. Investment was conducted on the basis of instinct rather than logical conditioning, where the aim was to maximize returns from companies that are market leader in their sector. Some of the researchers mentioned that maximum of the investors relies on trend to identify investment opportunity, which is mainly seen by companies that have adequate market cap in the capital market (Gottschlich and Hinz 2014). The evaluation of competitors position against the company is conducted as follows. PepsiCo, Inc: CompanyName Market Cap Close price P/E-Ratio Pepsico, Inc. 155,139,148 $ 109.26 32.42 National Beverage Corp. 4,113,244 $ 88.25 28.93 The competitive condition of PepsiCo can be identified from the above table, which depicts the overall rising competitive edge of the Company against its peers. the market cap, close price, and P/E ratio of the company is relatively higher than its competitor, which depicts the demand among potential investors (Reuters.com 2018). Netflix, Inc: CompanyName Market Cap Close price P/E-Ratio Netflix, Inc. 127,428,830 $ 293.65 234.92 Best Buy Co., Inc. 20,084,003 $ 71.04 21.66 From the evaluation Netflix is detected to have the highest competitive edge against peers, as the close price, market cap, and P/E ratio of the organization is relatively higher than its competitors. This rising competitive edge is making Netflix the market leader in the entertainment sector of US (Reuters.com 2018). Tesla Motors Inc: CompanyName Market Cap Close price P/E-Ratio Tesla, Inc. 51,311,139 $ 303.76 N/E Toyota Motor Corp Ltd Ord 2,993,076 $ 127.80 8.94 From the overall evaluation the P ratio of Tesla Inc is relatively not present in the current data of Nasdaq, which is due to the losses incurred by the organization. However, the competitiveness of the company has not deteriorated against its competitors, as the market cap and close price of Tesla Inc is relatively higher than Toyota Motor Corp. This relatively indicates that the competitiveness of Tesla is a relatively high, as they have the maximum share value in comparison to its competitors (Reuters.com 2018). CompanyName Close price 52 Weeks High-Low Pepsico, Inc. $ 109.260 $122.51/$105.938 Netflix, Inc. $ 293.650 $333.98/$138.66 Tesla, Inc. $ 303.76 $389.61/$244.5901 From the evaluation of above table relevant future prices of the organizations can be identified, as maximum of the stocks are not close to the 52 weeks high. This relatively indicates the possibility of rising prices, which could increase over the period of investment. Companies such as PepsiCo, Inc, Netflix, Inc, and Tesla Motors Inc are mainly evaluated from the above table, whose share prices relatively low. The detection of 52 weeks high and 52 weeks low mainly allows investors to understand the trend of a particular stock, which would eventually help in making adequate investment decisions (Lin, Huang and Tseng 2017). Therefore, from the evaluation of above table it could be identified that there is adequate scope Investments in PepsiCo, Inc, Netflix, Inc, and Tesla Motors Inc. Conclusion: The assessment mainly analyses the share price movement of PepsiCo, Inc, Netflix, Inc, and Tesla Motors Inc. which could eventually help in identifying the investment scope in these stocks. The ratio evaluation directly helps in detecting the investment scope of the selected company, which could eventually help in generating higher returns from investment. Reference and Bibliography: Chau, M., 2016.Method that forms investment strategy to invest and withdraw a company's stock or fund. U.S. Patent Application 14/804,359. Chui, A.C. and Titman, S., 2017. Investor Composition and Stock Return Patterns: A Study of Momentum in the Chinese A-and B-Shares Markets. Eng, W.K., Shukor, N.E.S.A., Ismail, N.R. and Halim, S.A., 2017. Golden cross as Buying Indicator for Stock Investment in Bursa Malaysia.Terengganu International Finance and Economics Journal (TIFEJ),2(2), pp.94-102. Gottschlich, J. and Hinz, O., 2014. A decision support system for stock investment recommendations using collective wisdom.Decision support systems,59, pp.52-62. He, L.M., Chen, S.D., Zhang, Z., Hu, Y. and Jiang, H.Y., 2016. A Decision Tree Model for Meta-Investment Strategy of Stock Based on Sector Rotating. InFSDM(pp. 194-207). Lan, Y.W., Lin, D. and Lin, L., 2015. Cointegration analysis of tourism demand by Mainland China in Taiwan and stock investment strategy.Journal of Economic Financial Studies,3(05), pp.01-09. Lin, Y.F., Huang, C.F. and Tseng, V.S., 2017. A novel methodology for stock investment using high utility episode mining and genetic algorithm.Applied Soft Computing,59, pp.303-315. Reuters.com. (2018).${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Quote| Reuters.com. [online] U.S. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview/NFLX.OQ [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. Reuters.com. (2018).${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Company Profile | Reuters.com. [online] U.S. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile/PEP.O [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. Reuters.com. (2018).${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Quote| Reuters.com. [online] U.S. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview/TSLA.OQ [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. Sun, S.L., 2016. A Decision Tree Model for Meta-Investment Strategy of Stock Based on Sector Rotating.Fuzzy Systems and Data MiningII: Proceedings of FSDM 2016,293, p.194. Vasconcellos, L.L.M., Wlademir, P., Vincius, A.D.L.M. and Joo, L.R., 2015. Analysis of the implementation of a stock investment strategy based on a decision aid tool.Contadura y Administracin,60(1), pp.113-144.

Compare the changing attitudes/views on war between The Going of the Battery, The Send

Compare the changing attitudes/views on war between The Going of the Battery, The Send-off and Joining the Colours Essay When comparing these poems I feel that it is essential to take into account the narrative and if applicable, the character in which each has been written. As each poet is an individual who will have their own viewpoint and opinion of any event. The Going of the battery, is the earliest of the three poems; and was most probably written during the Boer war. Therefore this war wouldnt have been as technologically advanced nor as deadly as world war one, which is the war that the other two poems are about. Despite the better odds of survival that the soldiers had their partners were still worried for their safety. This anxiety can be seen through the tone of the poem, which is worried and reflective: We will write a custom essay on Compare the changing attitudes/views on war between The Going of the Battery, The Send-off and Joining the Colours specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nevermore will they come evermore. This worry can also be seen in the rhythm and rhyme scheme of the poem, which is regular up until the point where Hardy puts emphasis on the soldiers departure All we loved. The poems structure is such that it shows the womens worry in a very effective way, in that it goes from the women complaining and getting their fear stuck in the readers head through repetition: Oh it was sad enough, weak enough, mad enough Then to their begrudging their partners because they see them as: Stepping steadily-only too readily!- To them becoming seemingly jealous of the guns that their partners are going to join, which I say because the collective thoughts of the women actually personifies the guns: Great guns were gleaming there, living things seeming there, Cloaked in their tar-cloths, upmouthed to the night; Wheels wet and yellow from axle to felloe, Throats blank of sound, but prophetic to sight. After that the women get upset and warn their men not to court perils that honour could miss. Which could mean that they view their men act all big and tough in front of their friends and so consequently might act irresponsibly and get themselves hurt. The poem then goes on to show that the women are worries but that they still keep their hopes up even when they are feeling as though life beats are low, they at least seem to hopeful that: Some Hand will guard their ways. The Send-off appears to me to be slightly more pessimistic than the Going of the Battery. This can be seen through its mocking yet reflective tone: Their breasts were stuck all white with wreath and spray As mens are dead. It may also be seen if one notes the way in which it starts with a loud and happy atmosphere when the soldiers sang, and ends silent. Also the poem seems, in parts, to have a conspiratorial tone too it: So secretly like wrongs hushed up. This might be a reflection of what Owens thoughts of war were, as it  bears a resemblance to Dulce et Decorum Est, which also implies lies and injustice. Owen uses personification to add to this conspiratorial tone: Then, unmoved, signals nodded, and a lamp Winked to the guard. This could symbolise his distrust of everyone in that everybody is in on the conspiracy and are against him.

Exxon essays

Exxon essays Exxon, Behind The Scenes Into The Action The day was so cold; I could remember this day as it was yesterday. It was the first time I ever saw Exxon Mobil gas station located on the corner of Mace and Boston road. My mother and father were arguing like usual. Of course I never knew about what but I did know that this was going to be the last time they were ever going to argue because it was the first and last time I learn to recognize the Exxon Mobil gas station. That is until now. Throughout this paper you will learn that Exxon is not just your ordinary gas station. There are more to it then just getting gas from there service station to please your car. I have learned many things that I never knew or even pay attention to until now. Information such as, the incident in March 23, 1989; the Exxon Valdez oil spill and the impact on the economy, and the role Exxon plays in the war for oil. Throughout this paper you will learn that Exxon The Exxon Valdez oil spill was a tragedy that cannot be forgotten. In March 23, 1989, the Exxon Valdez departed from the Alaska Pipeline terminal carrying 53,094,510 gallons of oil on board while trying to maneuver the 986 foot vessel through the Valdez narrows. Around eleven million gallons were spilled in Alaska, from Bligh Reef, leading to 460 miles to village of Chiqnik on the Alaska Peninsula. According to research, there are 40,000 victims who suffered a great load of deal of economic issues and is now currently suffering still because Exxon is not handling the spill. Many of the animal species had died because of this incident. And as of now, some beaches still have remanding of oil, which is still affecting the animals today. Birds, sea otters, sea birds, killer whales, bald eagles and many more were found dead. As for as now, there are a few of injured species that are being fully recovered. It took about four years for Exxon to handle their problem and clean up the...

Learn About Thermal Inversion

Learn About Thermal Inversion Temperature inversion layers also called thermal inversions or just inversion layers, are areas where the normal decrease in air temperature with increasing altitude is reversed and air above the ground is warmer than the air below it. Inversion layers can occur anywhere from close to ground level up to thousands of feet into the atmosphere. Inversion layers are significant to meteorology because they block atmospheric flow which causes the air over an area experiencing an inversion to become stable. This can then result in various types of weather patterns. More importantly, though, areas with heavy pollution are prone to unhealthy air and an increase in smog when an inversion is present because they trap pollutants at ground level instead of circulating them away. Causes of Temperature Inversions Normally, air temperature decreases at a rate of 3.5Â °F for every 1000 feet (or roughly 6.4Â °C for every kilometer) you climb into the atmosphere. When this normal cycle is present, it is considered an unstable air mass and air constantly flow between the warm and cool areas. As such the air is better able to mix and spread around pollutants. During an inversion episode, temperatures increase with increasing altitude. The warm inversion layer then acts as a cap and stops atmospheric mixing. This is why inversion layers are called stable air masses. Temperature inversions are a result of other weather conditions in an area. They occur most often when a warm, less dense air mass moves over a dense, cold air mass. This can happen for example when the air near the ground rapidly loses its heat on a clear night. In this situation, the ground becomes cooled quickly while the air above it retains the heat the ground was holding during the day. Additionally, temperature inversions occur in some coastal areas because upwelling of cold water can decrease surface air temperature and the cold air mass stays under warmer ones. Topography can also play a role in creating a temperature inversion since it can sometimes cause cold air to flow from mountain peaks down into valleys. This cold air then pushes under the warmer air rising from the valley, creating the inversion. In addition, inversions can also form in areas with significant snow cover because the snow at ground level is cold and its white color reflects almost all heat coming in. Thus, the air above the snow is often warmer because it holds the reflected energy. Consequences of Temperature Inversions Some of the most significant consequences of temperature inversions are the extreme weather conditions they can sometimes create. One example of these is freezing rain. This phenomenon develops with a temperature inversion in a cold area because snow melts as it moves through the warm inversion layer. The precipitation then continues to fall and passes through the cold layer of air near the ground. When it moves through this final cold air mass it becomes super-cooled (cooled below freezing without becoming solid). The supercooled drops then become ice when they land on items like cars and trees and the result is freezing rain or an ice storm. Intense thunderstorms and tornadoes are also associated with inversions because of the intense energy that is released after an inversion blocks an area’s normal convection patterns. Smog Although freezing rain, thunderstorms, and tornadoes are significant weather events, one of the most important things impacted by an inversion layer is smog. This is the brownish-gray haze that covers many of the world’s largest cities and is a result of dust, auto exhaust, and industrial manufacturing. Smog is impacted by the inversion layer because it is in essence, capped when the warm air mass moves over an area. This happens because the warmer air layer sits over a city and prevents the normal mixing of cooler, denser air. The air instead becomes still and over time the lack of mixing causes pollutants to become trapped under the inversion, developing significant amounts of smog. During severe inversions that last over long periods, smog can cover entire metropolitan areas and cause respiratory problems for the inhabitants of those areas. In December 1952, for example, such an inversion occurred in London. Because of the cold December weather at the time, Londoners began to burn more coal, which increased air pollution in the city. Since the inversion was present over the city at the same time, these pollutants became trapped and increased London’s air pollution. The result was the Great Smog of 1952 that was blamed for thousands of deaths. Like London, Mexico City has also experienced problems with smog that have been exacerbated by the presence of an inversion layer. This city is infamous for its poor air quality but these conditions are worsened when warm sub-tropical high-pressure systems move over the city and trap air in the Valley of Mexico. When these pressure systems trap the valley’s air, pollutants are also trapped and intense smog develops. Since 2000, Mexicos government has developed a ten-year plan aimed at reducing ozone and particulates released into the air over the city. London’s Great Smog and Mexico’s similar problems are extreme examples of smog being impacted by the presence of an inversion layer. This is a problem all over the world though and cities like Los Angeles, California; Mumbai, India; Santiago, Chile; and Tehran, Iran, frequently experience intense smog when an inversion layer develops over them. Because of this, many of these cities and others are working to reduce their air pollution. To make the most of these changes and to reduce smog in the presence of a temperature inversion, it’s important to first understand all aspects of this phenomenon, making it an important component of the study of meteorology, a significant sub-field within geography.

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Literature Review - Essay Example Every year, companies incur a lot of undue cost just because of the slackness of employees despite the thoughtfully constructed performance appraisal systems in place. This paper explores reasons why performance appraisal systems may not be the best way to judge an employee’s abilities by conducting a thorough analysis of the workers’ needs and the various factors that influence their competence in the workplace. A lot of studies have conventionally been done to identify the factors affecting workers’ performance. However, this review will be limited to the discussion about the validity of performance appraisal systems. A lot of factors influence a worker’s performance that include but are not limited to job satisfaction, job security, allowances offered at the job, time of work, duration of work, relationship with peers, organizational structure, organizational culture, social interaction, accommodation, association with family and distance from the famil y. These and many other factors like them have a great impact on the motivation of a worker. The performance of a worker is fundamentally governed by his/her competence. Therefore, in order to study the impact of appraisal on the performance of an individual, it is customary to study the factors that influence the individual’s competence. According to Stern and Kemp (2004), competency is the product of an individual’s skill, motivation and personality traits. Various theories have been proposed at different points in time to identify the factors that play a decisive role in motivating an individual in the workplace. One of such theories that is discussed most frequently is the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory. The Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, as the name implies, consists of a set of needs that are staged in order of priority. The following diagram depicts all stages that accommodate the hierarchical order of needs identified by Maslow: Maslowâ⠂¬â„¢s Hierarchy of Needs (Chapman, 2010). There are basically five stages of needs. The biological and physiological needs which include such things as air, water and food form the most basic needs. Life is not possible without the fulfillment of these needs. Next come the safety needs. All humans need safety and protection. Unless their safety is ensured, workers can not put in their best effort because of the resulting psychological upsets. In the present age, job security has become a big problem all over the world. Because of the economic recession, employees are being fired in large numbers and the companies are being down sized. This is a potential threat to the safety of workers, so performance appraisals can not be considered valid system for the assessment of the workers’ capabilities with such job insecurity. After getting secure, a worker wants his love and belongingness needs fulfilled. Quite often, people have to live away from their home because of work, and he nce, do not get a chance to meet the family quite often. Many employees try to fulfill their love and belongingness needs by interacting with the colleagues. However, not many are successful because all employees share common interests in the context of an organization, and hence, many develop grudges particularly as one of the employees gains more status and reward as

Wk6 (22) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk6 (22) - Essay Example These techniques are used to help them in their daily lives. Emphasis is placed on self-control and the client being able to "initiate, conduct and evaluate their own therapy" (Corey, p. 233). The role of the counselor in behavior therapy is to help the client develop goals and to help them find more choices and new conditions for learning as they move through the therapeutic process. The counselor will initially interview the client to find the specific behaviors to address. Behavior therapist also are "active and directive" and they are problem solvers. The individual who is most prominently known as the one who began behavior therapy is B.F. Skinner, however, the history of this type of therapy goes back to 1950s and was equally introduced in the United States, South Africa and Great Britain at the same time. According to the textbook, there are many studies that use behavioral techniques to assist in many mental disorders. Some critics think that this therapy does not go far enough in helping clients because it does not provide insights for the client and it ignores the relationship between the client and the therapist. Behaviorists also put emphasis on ethical accountability. In contrast rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) expands upon what the behavior therapists does by bringing in a cognitive component. The basic premise of this therapy is that an individual is very capable of healing themselves because they are naturally inclined to do "self-talking, self-evaluating and self-sustaining" (Corey, p. 273). This theory grew out of work by Albert Ellis. REBT sees that humans have the capacity to think rationally and irrationally at the same time. They can be loving, happy and have strong relationships or they can be self-destructive, procrastinate and repeat the same problems over and over. Individuals learn irrational beliefs through significant people around them, and they create

Reason People Attend College or University Essay Example for Free

Reason People Attend College or University Essay Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons examples People attend college or University to become skilled or educated person. College/ university is a platform where we can learn anything effectively such as we can improve our knowledge, we can know about different career lines and we can get knowledge about any career line and college or university provide very friendly environment through which we experience How to behave with friends and How to do team work? First reason: People attend college or university to improve their knowledge. They can get knowledge about particular subject from their skilled teachers. During class /lecture session, their knowledge is increased because everyone has its own way of perception, if someone have doubt on any topic, then teacher will provide solution for that problem. In this way, rest of students get chance to think about topic in different ways. They can share their knowledge with their friends and they can also do group discussion about difficult topics with their friends. Second reason: They can opt different profession according to their wish and then they can join particular course which is relevant to their career. So that they can become efficient in their career line because they have sufficient time to do practical and to improve their skills effectively. Or they can learn from their mistakes while studying. So that they would never repeat mistakes in their professional life. Third reason: During college or University , Students experience many different phases of life. During studying, Students make project with 4 or 5 team members and they play games or sports in team, in this way, they learn How to do work in team ? and How to co-operate with team members. This thing helps them when they are in profession life. Students also learn to work in different situation for example sometime Students do work with their teachers, while working with teachers they learn to behave with seniors. At last, I want to say that everyone must attend college/ university because college/university is a heaven for students or you can say that this is a place which make their life great. Reasons for Attending College or University Summary: People attend college or university for many different reasons, such as new experiences, career preparation, and increased knowledge. Many people attend colleges and universities all over the world to study and conduct research. What are their expectations of the academic experience? In my opinion, people involved in collegiate programs have two main purposes: to gain the experiences and certificates that prepare them for future careers and to increase their knowledge about different aspects of life. Many people desire stable careers that deeply affect their lives. Therefore, good preparation for a future career is a necessity. To maintain and promote your position at a company, especially in certain kinds of jobs, you must have the knowledge and experiences that come from attending a college or university. The skills, spirit, and confidence you gain from studying help equip you for your work. Moreover, it is easier to find a good job when you have qualified certificates. Many well-educated people can carry out their tasks smoothly and methodically with more economization of time and strength than people who manage their work by learning from their failures. Another advantage of attending a college or university is the relationships you build with other people. These relationships help you improve yourself. In a collegiate environment, you learn how to work in groups and how to cooperate with your partners. You also learn to achieve mutual understanding, an essential and useful skill in your future work. The second reason for attending a college or university, increasing knowledge about many aspects of life, might seem a little impractical, but it is, in fact, very practical. Some people have the misconception that studying in college provides them only with knowledge relating directly to their major and that getting certificates is the most important purpose of attending college. With those goals in mind, they often neglect subjects that dont seem to be applicable to their work. However, knowledge from college is not just useful for your job; it also is useful for many other things in life. For example, people with basic knowledge about literature, history, art, psychology, etc. might enjoy their lives more than unlearned people. They also might overcome difficulties and stress more easily, as well as have an acceptable and   optimistic attitude toward obstacles and failures in their lives. Furthermore, cultivated people might treat others in their communities with more regard. Nothing you study in college is useless, and increasing knowledge is as important as getting certificates. The more knowledge you have, the more poetic your life is. Generally speaking, its always necessary to have a good education. In addition to obtaining the appropriate certificates, attending a college or university gives you a great opportunity to learn about many different things on both macroscopic and microscopic levels. While the specific reasons people attend colleges and universities might differ, the fundamental purposes are the same: they want to obtain the necessary training and education for their future careers and they want to learn about a variety of different subjects that will apply to their lives outside their future careers. Therefore, everyone who chooses to attend a college or university should always strive to reach their goals and aspirations. People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, and increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Essay: Some people say attending college is an indispensable way to find a job. Actually, I think most of people going to college are not just for a future job. First of all, I think everyone who attends a college will make some good friends. In fact, some people claim the best friends of their entire life are met in the college. Friends in college have more opportunities to spend time together finishing their paper in the library, doing sports, having classes, etc. Consequently, they will get a deep understanding with each other and last a long-term relationship. My dads several close friends are all met in college. Secondly, I think some people attend college because their curiosity for knowledge or the keen to know the truth about this world. During the studying life in college, people can learn a lot not only about those courses , but also the spirit of science , the great of humanity and the basic of this world .Colleges are the center of scholar and research , there are numerous scientists, writers, physicians, historians benefit form colleges studying. Thirdly, we are always trying to find ourselves a life-long purpose but have no idea what we really want or who we really want to be. In college , those books, lectures and courses can give us an answer. It is not just about jobs ,but peoples dream. It may encourage you to become a writer after a plenty of reading or you dream of becoming a philosopher after get familiar with Aristoteles. You may find yourself interested in chemical change or principle of universe. It is never as simple as finding a job. In college, you learn what you are really into and that will enlighten your future and life .One who knows nothing about himself will never walk out of the confusion or begin to chase his own dream. NO.2 Nowadays, education no doubt plays an important role in professional and social life. Many students attend college or university for many reasons. Although people think that universities are available for career preparation and increasing knowledge, in my opinion it is correct to say this aloud, that colleges represent a new experience on life  personally speaking, education is about learning to think, learning different ways to analyze a problem and to find a solution to resolve it. Participating in colleges and universities would be a great opportunity to have a general formation in order to be able to think clearly, critically, to have broad range of knowledge. When people at times could confront debates or situations, they would be able to know where to start to analyze and to have a solution for that. Moreover people want to attend college because they want to achieve great success in life .Pursuing a college they would be able to gain more good skills that will be helpful for their future  careers. Professionally, the conventional view is that education increases one earning potential, so college is one ticket to a high-paying job. Actuality people who want to go to a college and university often thinks about the job and the high salary they can earn in order to have a comfortable lifestyle and to provide themselves Similarly since the competition of jobs is higher and the number of job applicants are getting increased everyone should be well educated and to have e degree in order to get a good professional job. So in one way or another a college education is a requirement of many professional jobs In a social perspective , going to college and university is e new experience in life and through such live experience people become more wiser, mature and responsible . Student that attend colleges are separated from their parents and their homes Now they are forced to face another reality but this time at different rules, being alone and not having the support of their families. Through that they use to be more mature and to handle the world by themselves. Similarly, participating a college could be very useful for people because only in this way they can come across to diverse social, cultural and multi language groups. By meeting new people that are not from their hometown and further that they do not speak the same language could be e new experience that each one of them can have.

An Analysis Of Nature In The W Essay -- essays research papers

An Analysis of Nature in the works of Robert Frost When reading poetry by Robert Frost the theme of nature is strongly present and persistent. Robert Frost uses the world around him to create a mystic feeling to his writings, almost giving the reader a sense of nostalgia. The influence of nature in Frost’s works creates a palette to paint a picture filled with symbolism for the reader to interpret. The nature in the poems makes the poem an intimate piece in which most readers can identify with or imagine in some way because of the intense imagery used. In the analysis of Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken, Nothing Gold Can Stay, and Stopping By The Woods On A Snowy Evening we can pick out specific examples to illustrate Frost’s overall use of nature. In the first stanza of Robert Frost’s Stopping by the Woods on A Snowy Evening we find the speaker reflecting on the beauty of a wooded area with snow falling. Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. (p.923) You can feel the speakers awe and reflective peace when looking into the woods that night. He doesn’t know the owner of the land but is still drawn to the beauty of the scene. Frost gives a scene that is taken into the reader and digested for a time in the speaker’s mind. It shows us that it is all right to take a minute out of a hurried hour and reflect upon what is around you, whether it is a snowy wood or a quite ... An Analysis Of Nature In The W Essay -- essays research papers An Analysis of Nature in the works of Robert Frost When reading poetry by Robert Frost the theme of nature is strongly present and persistent. Robert Frost uses the world around him to create a mystic feeling to his writings, almost giving the reader a sense of nostalgia. The influence of nature in Frost’s works creates a palette to paint a picture filled with symbolism for the reader to interpret. The nature in the poems makes the poem an intimate piece in which most readers can identify with or imagine in some way because of the intense imagery used. In the analysis of Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken, Nothing Gold Can Stay, and Stopping By The Woods On A Snowy Evening we can pick out specific examples to illustrate Frost’s overall use of nature. In the first stanza of Robert Frost’s Stopping by the Woods on A Snowy Evening we find the speaker reflecting on the beauty of a wooded area with snow falling. Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. (p.923) You can feel the speakers awe and reflective peace when looking into the woods that night. He doesn’t know the owner of the land but is still drawn to the beauty of the scene. Frost gives a scene that is taken into the reader and digested for a time in the speaker’s mind. It shows us that it is all right to take a minute out of a hurried hour and reflect upon what is around you, whether it is a snowy wood or a quite ...

Engage In Personal Development In Health And Social Care

Research two different reflective models. Examples are Gibbs, Kola and Christopher Johns. Briefly describe and compare them. Looked at all three reflective models and chose to describe Johns and Kola. The Johns model is very in-depth and seems to target a wider area of thought and contemplation. It would also be a good tool to discuss with another more senior member of staff, who would have their own emotional response to each situation, therefore giving you a slightly different outcome. This would be ideal when paving supervision or discussing an incident in an objective manner.The start Of the model really gets into the way in which you are feeling and this can dramatically change the outcome of the reflection that is taking place. I think that this is a type of grounding, a way of getting into the present moment and making you more mindful of the situation in hand. This is different from the Kola model because you have to look at yourself first, which is very beneficial. The Gibbs model is slightly less descriptive and a little shorter but it still offers a way of transforming information into knowledge, which is needed, so we an learn more about the client or situation that we are reflecting on.The Kola model starts with observations and reflections and finishes with concrete experience. Concrete experience is what we strive for to make us grow as support workers. In my opinion the main comparison between the two is that the Johns model is better for personal development within ourselves and the Kola model is better for a greater knowledge about those we work with. 2. Decide which one you prefer. Explain why. Prefer the Johns model because it focuses more on the way that we are feeling in the here and now.This can have a massive impact on a situation in the work place because it allows us to view others and ourselves. Reacting positively to a negative situation is not always easy, so having a degree of emotional intelligence can go in the favor of all parti es concerned. I like learning more about clients and how can make my role go more smoothly but I think that having knowledge about oneself and I how I react to things will be more beneficial to me personally. 3. Consider a task that you have recently completed at work, which has not gone so well. This could be : Manual handling.Communication. Challenging behavior. Falls. Using your preferred model of reflection, describe what happened, what went wrong, what went right, what you could do differently next time? Was asleep and I heard shouting coming from upstairs. I checked my watch and it was just before am. Went upstairs and discovered that the noise was coming from a clients room. I asked if he was K and I was asked to go away in a not so polite tone or wording. I asked the client to keep the noise down, as he would wake the other clients within the house, to which I got the same response.I felt a little put back by this, as the client wasn't provoked in any ay, he was just taking his mood out on me. I also felt protective about the other clients because of how they would be feeling about the shouting too. The client is a drug user and when under the influence can behave in an aggressive way to the other clients, which can make them anxious, so again had to ask him to stop shouting. I was then verbally abused, which ignored, as it wasn't positive. I made my way downstairs, as the situation wasn't getting any better. The client then came downstairs and Went into the kitchen.He lit up a cigarette in the lounge, which is against our house rules, so asked him o go outside. He then walked up to me and put his face into mine, asking me to lay the first punch. I had no choice but to lock myself into the staff room and call my manger and the police. I went outside to get a better signal and the client walked outside through another door. He had his top off and again came into my personal space and repeated what he had said minutes before. It was a little scary becaus e as a support worker am not allowed to defend myself unless there is an attack.I started to think about my daughter and what would happen if he became violent. Managed to get back into the souse and the client came back in. He got to the other side of the staff door and was threatening to kill me. By this time was on the phone to 999, so they heard everything, as I asked him to repeat what he said to me. The police arrived shortly afterwards and he was arrested. Think the most significant thing was that I should have left his door after his first reply to me. I put the clients feelings first but they were safe in their rooms and wasn't.I left myself open to attack at the top of the stairs. I was quite tired and not really thinking correctly but this is no excuse. Next time ill just call our emergency mobile or the police first, so I have a back up. Getting him to repeat his threat worked well, as it highlighted to the police his intent, so when he got arrested the other clients wer e out of danger and so was I. My intention when first got up that morning was not to get him arrested it was just to ask him to stop shouting. He is a great guy when he is not under the influence and I wish that had reminded him about this at the time.I think my actions were a little too defensive and I didn't put his feelings before my own. 4. Why is it important to reflect in this way? It is important reflect in this way because the whole process helps us to grow in our roles and become better at what we do. At times we can think in an entirely different way that may not be objective to the task in hand, so reflection can give us hindsight to see a more positive outcome, which at the time seemed negative. Am a parent too, so a little reflection time can teach me things about myself or my child that might have been missed on a first encounter.Our knowledge can greatly increase as we reflect on and in practice. We can understand more about the clients, colleagues and gain an increas ed understanding of situations that wouldn't normally have been thought of in our working day because of other emotional diversions. The importance of reflection is increased ten fold when in a managerial position because every member of staff has a unique personality and pleasing everybody is never an easy task. A manager must take time out and reflect on how he handled situations, meetings and many other duties, which require perfecting for future use. . What are your responsibilities and those of your employer to ensure your practice is current? My employer has a responsibility to make sure that we are operating within the law. There are certain acts and regulations, which have to be adhered to under government legislation. It is the employers duty to inform staff when any updates to the legislation has been made, so that the employee can be up to date. Employers have the responsibility for health and safety the workplace and to make sure that we are all working under current ris k assessments.The employer has a duty of care to all staff members to many things including Making the workplace safe Preventing risks to health Ensuring safe working practices Providing first aid facilities Providing PEP if necessary Reporting accidents and many more It is an employee's contractual responsibility to be up to date with all legislation, policies and procedures. We have responsibility for our own health and safety at work, so we must refuse something that would be deemed as unsafe. If we think our employer isn't meeting responsibilities we must speak to them about it.If this fails then we must contact they local authorities to safeguard ourselves. 6. What does the legislation say? The legislation is made up of acts that companies must adhere to. These include; Care act 2014 Health and safety act 1974 Mental health act 1983 Data protection act 1 998 COACH act 1994 7. Complete a SOOT analysis and a CUP form. SOOT Analysis Form. Helpful to achieving the objective Harmful Internal Origin (attributes of the organization) Strengths Strong team members with lots of experience. High levels of communication Weaknesses Under staffed at times due to sickness, which causes stress to team members.Arguing amongst team members and not giving 100% External Origin (attributes of the environment) Opportunities Outside agencies becoming partners with Maples. Annular, PDP and Second Step The retreats Government cutbacks. Increased pressure for reduction in care and costing. Continuing Personal Development Form Key Dates What did you do? Why? What did you learn from this? How will this be used? 04/11/2014 Dual Diagnosis Training For the last 2 years there has been in increase in the amount of clients that join our service with a history of drug use.I went on the course to increase my knowledge of mental illness and drug related disorders. Gained insight into different types of drugs, the effects and what to look out for when dealing with our higher risk clients. Put ting my knowledge into action by observing clients when at work and supporting them accordingly. 0/07/2014 Understanding Personality Disorder Training Again we have been taking on more clients with personality disorders. I attended the course to increase my knowledge base. Personality disorder is a term that is used when a client is doesn't fit certain criteria for other mental disorders.It is unique to the client, so it may change on a daily basis. Putting my knowledge into action by observing clients when at work and supporting them accordingly. 12/05/2014 Safeguarding Adults Alerter Training It has been over two years since my last course, so an update was needed. I as reminded of types of abuse, what to look out for and how to report incidents in the workplace. It will support me with my working day and help keep me vigilant of any safeguarding issues. 8. How do your personal values and strengths affect your practice? My personal values and strengths have a massive impact on my working life.I have had the pleasure of being raised in a family where good manners and empathy have great importance. I am honest and work hard and sometimes relay this to the clients when they are looking for voluntary work or other activities that will give them life skills. I am very clean and tidy and again I try to lead the clients by example by showing them how much pleasure can be taken from doing a good job. Work in a house sometimes, which has a lot of younger clients and all now take great pride in completing house jobs that I have taught them.When a client comes to the service with a little amount of life skills and they leave with a few more it makes me happy to think that I have supported them to be like that. Like to give lots of praise when a good job is done, as I feel it is important for the client to feel good about himself or herself. I am very happy with who I am and what I stand for and in think it is equally important for the clients to feel this way too. Some times the clients can be stigmatize for their illness but if they have self respect, honesty and some politeness it can carry them a long way.I think my values have carried me forward on most occasions, not all but most. 9. Who gives you feedback on your own performance? I have a fortnightly supervision session with my manager and an annual appraisal too. Every week we discuss issues with clients, staff, safeguarding, health and safety and other subjects. It gives you the opportunity to look at past situations again and look into ways of improving them. This isn't always the case but it can come up from time to time. Also accept feedback from other staff members during staff meetings and other types of handover.Feedback from clients is always helpful too, as you can adjust your working procedure if it isn't positive to the client involved. The management team usually speak to the clients and then this is discussed during supervision or at an appraisal. 10. How do you use the feedbac k to improve your performance? Think feedback is Very important because it helps us to view ourselves from different angle, which is important because sometimes we can get caught up in a pattern, which may not be suitable to those that we are working with. Feedback can be negative, positive or just neutral.Negative feedback can cause a mass of emotions and defensiveness, if not correctly handled. Where positive feedback could make you over confident and cause carelessness at the worst-case scenario. If get feedback I will take it away, reflect on it and then try to think of ways that can utilities it, as it is a valuable commodity, good or bad. Like to think of everyday being a school day, as we never stop earning. We learn from the clients, we learn from staff and we even learn from ourselves. Take feedback as a learning tool especially if it is negative.I always learn more when have made a mistake, as this sticks in my mind more. I try not to take things personally, as this can on ly make matters worse. If you have made a mistake it is just best to see where the problem was and avoid that situation in the future. 1 1 . Discuss two forms of learning that you have recently completed. What did you gain from these? Have recently been on some courses; Dual diagnosis and understanding personality disorder. Both of the courses were very informative and I gained valuable insight into some areas of our ever-expanding client base.

Impact of Interest and taxes on Investment

Abstraction This paper investigates the impact of involvement and revenue enhancements on investing with some altering during the period 1999 – 2009. Investing I as dependant variable and involvement R and revenue enhancements Tare used as independent variable, the ordinary least square ( OLS ) technique has been used to happen relation between revenue enhancements and involvement on investing, in consequences we observed that fluctuation of involvement R and revenue enhancements T has strong consequence on Investing I. But the consequence of F-statistics shows that involvement and revenue enhancements, the independent variables are non strongly set uping investing together, there is no strong relation between involvement and revenue enhancements on Investment. Government should follow the expansionary financial policy i.e. authorities have to take down direct revenue enhancements, give revenue enhancement vacations in some country which will back up investors to put more in economic syst em of Pakistan. On the other side cardinal bank has to play strong function to pull investors to put in economic system by expansionary pecuniary policy either it is qualitative or quantitative. Introduction Investing in Pakistan is study undertaken by us to supply information on corporate, fiscal, revenue enhancement and general facets of investing in Pakistan. In Pakistan the policies of investing have been characterized by steady moves to deregulating, denationalization and liberalization.. The way of the policies has been consistent, marketed, and business-friendly. The Government has taken major stairss to speed up coders to turn to investors ‘ concerns, new sector and export publicity support steps are being implemented, full support to bing and new investings is being provided, the denationalization plan is being given high precedence, the duty and revenue enhancement systems and related establishments are being restructured, streamlined and a cardinal dismantlement of the bureaucratic civilization is underway. Investing straight hit by the involvement rate and revenue enhancements on the economic system of the state because at the Pakistan semen into being in 1948, when Pakistan economic system wholly depends on the agribusiness after the authorities made a program and developed some industries which fundamentally base of the agricultural merchandises merely like fabric and nutrient treating units. At present the economic system of Pakistan is the twenty-seventh largest economic system in the universe in footings of buying power, and the 48th largest in absolute dollar footings. And now harmonizing to study Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economic system and whose industries come these are fabrics, chemicals, nutrient processing, agribusiness and other industries. Due to Growth of population in the state disturbs the economic growing and secondly disturbs the economic growing due to political instability in the state. In the old ages 1960 the so authorities made a program for economic growing and acquire the consequence on it, on the focal point the south Korea use this policy and now go a tiger in the universe economic system, but due to political instability and every political leader non given the proper attending on the improvement of the economic system of Pakistan but they merely become a selfish for himself due to this Pakistan economic system is severely affected and Pakistan became a hapless province in the universe economic system. Due attending of Musharaf authorities and economic reform the GDP growing, spurred by additions in the industrial and service sectors, remained in the 6-8 % scope in 2004-06 In the World Bank named Pakistan the top reformist in its part and in the top 10 reformists globally. Harmonizing to the financial shortage – the consequence of inveterate low revenue enhancement aggregation and increased disbursement, including Reconstruction costs from the lay waste toing Kashmir temblor in 2005 was manageable. Over the last few old ages the Govt. of Pakistani, granted plentiful inducements to engineering companies wishing to make concern in Pakistan. A combination of decade-plus revenue enhancement vacations, zero responsibilities on computing machine imports, authorities inducements for venture capital and a assortment of plans for subsidising proficient instruction, are intended to give drift to the nascent Information Technology industry. This in recent old ages has resulted in impressive growing in that sector. Due to incorrect determination on the political forepart and the authorities himself involved in the war against panic on the petition of the USA the economic system of Pakistan is severely affected and now economic system on the aid of the fund received from the USA authorities.Literature reappraisalTheoretical backgroundInvesting is made if the expected rate of return additions from the involvement rate. Investings are non made when involvement rate increase the expected rate of return.There is negative relationship between involvement rate and investing ; this means that as involvement rate falls, investing rises and the opposite when involvement rate rises there is lessening in investing. The effectivity of pecuniary and financial policies and the attendant prompt of growing can, among other factors, crucially depend on the involvement snap of investing. If investing is strongly determined by rate of involvement, the deduction is that a high degree of aggregative demand can be ac hieved by pecuniary policy. Interest on the investing mean the derived income on it, when any party installed any undertaking and put their sums on it and acquire the return and other beginnings of involvement agencies if the fund invest in the bank and in authorities securities and gets the returns on their investing if rate is higher the income is the higher if the income derived is non sufficient it is lower the rate involvement. Tax on investing is the revenue enhancement on the return earned on it investing every authorities made a budgets and cipher the revenue enhancement aggregation on the side of investing therefore revenue enhancement aggregation is a portion of investing. The chief beginnings for running the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours matter of the state is the revenue enhancement aggregation from the industries or on the involvement derived on the investing fund.In Pakistan monetarily policy is the chief tools of involvement rate if the rate of involvement is higher the investing from domestic and foreign influx in the state and if the involvement rate is lower both domestic and foreign investing is outflow because in developing state depreciation of the currency is the chief menace for the investing If the cardinal bank increase the involvement rate, investing in the industrial sector is non made and people invest their excess financess in the bank and earn net income on it no uncertaint y the revenue enhancement aggregation base made strong but on the other side chance of occupations and development undertaking of the state is cut down and rising prices is rises and rate of the trade goods become dearly-won due to increase the demand from the people if the rate of involvement is low the sufficient financess are invested in the industrial sector because there is no chance is available for the populace to put their fund and earns better net incomes on the other side occupation chance is besides created.Empirical relationM. S. Feldstein, J. S. Flemming ( 1971 ) this paper has used a generalised neoclassical investing map to measure the effects of revenue enhancement policy on investing in Britain during the period from 1954 through 1967. The estimations show that both the accelerated depreciation allowances and the usage of differential revenue enhancement to bring on the keeping of corporate net incomes had significant and important impacts on investing behaviour. Si mulations with the investing equation showed that the additions in depreciation allowances accounted for about 45 per cent of net capital accretion in the period after 1954. Until differential net incomes revenue enhancement ended in 1958, it raised one-year investing by some & A ; lb ; 240 million or about 15 per cent of gross investing. If differential net incomes revenue enhancement had non been abandoned in 1958, the capital stock would hold been greater when the corporation revenue enhancement reintroduced a keeping inducement in 1966. In short, both types of revenue enhancement policy had of import effects on capital accretion. Robert E. Hall ( 1977 ) the response of investing outgo to alterations in involvement rates is at the bosom of any analysis of stabilisation policy. The more sensitive the response, the more potent is pecuniary policy and the weaker is financial outgo policy Economists do non look to be ready to do precise statements about the effects of stabilisation policies on gross national merchandise. This paper has focused on the function of the investing procedure in stabilisation. The IS-LM theoretical account makes it clear how of import the negative response of in- vestment to involvement rates is in restricting the consequence of outgo policy and supplying the chief immediate consequence of pecuniary policy. Empirical grounds on the involvement and gas pedal responses of investing is weak, nevertheless. The computations at the beginning of the paper do propose that the conventional estimation for the consequence of outgo increases-about $ 1.5 billion in GNP in the first twelvemonth for ea ch $ 1 billion of expenditure-is likely on the high side. Indeed, absolutely sensible premises give rise to effects merely half as big. A difficult expression at the limited grounds on the IS curve makes sole trust on outgo policy seem an unwise attack to stabilisation. The same factors that make one policy weak make the other strong. Given the uncertainness about these factors, particularly about the incline of the IS curve, it would do sense to follow balanced combinations of stabilisation policies. The negative covariance of the effects of the policies would do the uncertainness about the consequence of the entire bundle less than the uncertainness about any single constituent. The design of stabilisation policies needs to protect against the really existent possibility of a level IS curve Martin Feldstein ( 1982 ) this paper presents econometric grounds on the consequence of revenue enhancement inducements on concern investing in the United States in the period from 1953 through 1978. The analysis emphasize that the interaction of rising prices and bing revenue enhancement regulations has contributed well to the diminution of concern investing since the late 1960's.He examines how the interaction of rising prices and revenue enhancement regulations affects the demand for ingestion in general and for lodging capital in peculiar. Further surveies should be done on the effects of rising prices and revenue enhancement regulations on the demand for authorities debt, on fiscal markets, and on international capital flows. More information about investing behaviour could be developed by using the three theoretical accounts of the current paper on a more disaggregated footing. Lazaros E. Molho ( 1986 ) the intent of this paper is to sharpen apprehension of these two hypotheses through usage of an analytical theoretical account that allows expressed intervention of the inter-temporal facets of the propositions. The theoretical account underscores the interval in the consequence of involvement rates on investing, nest eggs, and asset-holding determinations and shows that the McKinnon-Shaw theses are reciprocally compatible. The McKinnon-Shaw theoretical accounts stress different facets of the effects of involvement rate liberalisation in a financially pent-up economic system. McKinnon ( 1973 ) focused on the linkage between internally financed investing and the sedimentation rate, whereas Shaw ( 1973 ) highlighted the importance of fiscal deepening and external funding. The two attacks complement each other because most undertakings are financed in portion with ain financess and in portion with adoptions. This paper has illustrated how the two positions can be integrated without changing their basic decisions. The theoretical theoretical account presented here has suggested that involvement rates affect expenditure-saving determinations through a complex and, perchance, really long slowdown. Furthermore, in the presence of inflationary uncertainness, the ex ante current existent sedimentation rate may be a map of ex station past rates, farther perplexing this slowdown construction. Statistical trials of the complementarily hypothesis are therefore likely to necessitate long involvement rate series, which may be un- available for many developing states. In position of the serious informations restrictions, it is possibly most desirable to seek to gauge reduced-form nest eggs and investing equations instead than to try a finding of the precise transmittal mechanism for involvement rate alterations. Barry Bosworth and Gary Burtless ( 1992 ) the purpose of this paper is to measure whether the ends of increased labour supply and capital formation were achieved. The paper begins by depicting the revenue enhancement reforms of the 1980s, a more hard undertaking than it may foremost look, since coincident alterations in different commissariats of the revenue enhancement codification frequently had opposite effects. For illustration, lower income revenue enhancements in the early 1980s were equalize for most taxpayers by higher paysheet revenue enhancements. In the undermentioned treatment of the consequence of the revenue enhancement alterations, it should go clear why economic experts disagree. Noticeable additions occurred among earners in the most flush households, who enjoyed the largest fringy revenue enhancement cuts, and particularly among married adult females in those households, who were predicted to be the most antiphonal to revenue enhancement cuts. However, much of the a ddition in labour supply can non be attributed to revenue enhancement reform, since it was concentrated among hapless families that were unaffected by revenue enhancement alterations. Much of the rush in aggregative supply in the 1980s was obviously due to factors other than revenue enhancement reform. The success of revenue enhancement reform in raising labour supply was at least partially offset by its failure to raise or even keep capital investing. While we do non reason that investing revenue enhancement inducements were entirely uneffective, thefact that net investing fell as a portion of national income over the decennary shows the bounds of even monolithic microeconomic revenue enhancement inducements.Modeling ModelThe theoretical account to look into the interaction of involvement rate and revenue enhancements utilizing the investing map frame work. The general investing map is: Where I is investing, R is the involvement rate and T is authorities revenue enhancements The methodological analysis used for the survey is OLS ordinary least square method. The Ordinary Least Squares method of appraisal can easy be extended to theoretical accounts affecting two or more explanatory variables. Study illustrates on variable R and T with I the dependant variable. Therefore the theoretical account is: Where, is the error term, in the above equation and are expected to be positive and: I: investing R: Interest Thymine: TaxsAppraisal and ConsequenceVariableCo-efficientt- statisticsProbabilityC663874.8 3.114399 0.0170R-1.567021 -0.513577 0.6234Thymine1.095007 4.185672 0.0041 R-squared = 0.825423 Adjusted R-squared = 0.775544 F-statistics = 16.54845 The information of dependant variable and independent variable is dependable because ? & A ; lt ; 10 % . So, we can state that the information is dependable. We observed that fluctuation of involvement R and revenue enhancements T has strong consequence on Investing I. But the consequence of F-statistics shows that involvement and revenue enhancements, the independent variables are non strongly set uping investing together, there is no strong relation between involvement and revenue enhancements on Investment.DecisionAfter gauging the old 10 old ages informations of involvement, revenue enhancements and investing of Pakistan, we reached to decision that both revenue enhancements and involvement have a strong impact on investing. Direct revenue enhancements have a strong impact on investing, investor when puting considers the revenue enhancements imposed by the authorities. Interest rate besides have an impact on investing, investor see the cost of capital and return on investing whil e puting, if rate of return is greater than involvement rate and cost of capital than investors invest in the concern. So, we concluded that involvement and revenue enhancements has impact on investing and F-statistics tells us there are some other factors present in economic system that are set uping investing and investing is non merely effected by revenue enhancements and involvement. Other factors may be aggregative ingestion and economy of state, possible income of the state and jurisprudence and order state of affairss etc.Policy RecommendationAt present the authorities of Pakistan and Central Bank of the state uses the tight pecuniary policy under which base rate of involvement is controlled because the state is in clasp of high rising prices and worldwide inauspicious economic status, due to which influx of investing is non coming and on the other side currency depreciation twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours from this involvement rate is non sufficient against their inve sting farther on the other side industrial growing is slow down, due to adverse economic status, this reflect the incompetency on the authorities side. In this status the policy recommendation to turn the investing in Pakistan, authorities should follow the expansionary financial policy i.e. authorities have to take down direct revenue enhancements, give revenue enhancement vacations in some country which will back up investors to put more in economic system of Pakistan. Further authorities should pass more for public assistance of Pakistan to give secure environment for investors. By making this we can turn our industries. On the other side cardinal bank has to play strong function to pull investors to put in economic system by expansionary pecuniary policy either it is qualitative or quantitative. In quantitative policy, in price reduction rate policy, cardinal bank should cut down price reduction rate to pull investors, in unfastened market operation cardinal bank should publish less securities which will increase investing in existent sector, hard currency modesty ratio must be decreased to increase imparting capacity of commercial Bankss to increase investing, in liquidness ratio cardinal bank should cut down liquidness ratio which will increase investing and in recognition rationing limit cardinal bank should increase recognition bound of commercial bank which increases the loaning capacity which increases investing. In qualitative recognition control maximal bound should be increased to increase investing and margin demand should be minimized by cardinal bank on securities to promote investing.

Definition and Examples of Voice in Phonetics

Definition and Examples of Voice in Phonetics In phonetics  and phonology, voice refers to the speech sounds produced by the vocal folds (also known as the vocal cords). Also known as voicing. Voice quality refers to the characteristic features of an individuals voice.Voice range (or vocal range) refers to the range of frequency or pitch used by a speaker. Etymology From the Latin call. Examples and Observations John Laver[O]ur social interaction through speech depends on much more than solely the linguistic nature of the spoken messages exchanged. The voice is the very emblem of the speaker, indelibly woven into the fabric of speech. In this sense, each of our utterances of spoken language carries not only its own message, but through accent, tone of voice and habitual voice quality it is at the same time an audible declaration of our membership [in] particular social and regional groups, of our individual physical and psychological identity, and of our momentary mood. The Speech Mechanism Beverly CollinsThe overwhelming majority of sounds found in human speech are produced by an egressive pulmonic airstream, i.e. an outgoing stream of air produced by the lungs contracting (partially collapsing inwards) and thus pushing the air contained within them outwards. This airstream then passes through the larynx (known familiarly as the Adams apple) and along a tube of the complex shape formed by the mouth and nose (termed the vocal tract). A variety of muscles interact to produce changes in the configuration of the vocal tract so as to allow parts of the speech organs to come into contact (or near contact) with other parts, i.e. to articulate. Phoneticians term these anatomical bits and pieces the articulatorshence the term for the branch of science known as articulatory phonetics...The vocal folds (also called the vocal cords) vibrate very rapidly when an airstream is allowed to pass between them, producing what is termed voicethat is, a sort of buzz which one can hear and f eel in vowels and in some consonant sounds. Voicing Peter RoachIf the vocal folds vibrate we will hear the sound that we call voicing or phonation. There are many different sorts of voicing that we can producethink of the differences in the quality of your voice between singing, shouting, and speaking quietly, or think of the different voices you might use reading a story to young children in which you have to read out what is said by characters such as giants, fairies, mice or ducks; many of the differences are made with the larynx. We can make changes in the vocal folds themselvesthey can, for example, be made longer or shorter, more tense or more relaxed or be more or less strongly pressed together. The pressure of the air below the vocal folds (the subglottal pressure) can also be varied [in intensity, frequency, and quality]. The Difference Between Voiced and Voiceless Sounds Thomas P. KlammerTo feel the difference between voiced and voiceless sounds for yourself, place your fingers on your Adams apple and produce first the sound of /f/. Sustain that sound for a few seconds. Now quickly switch to the sound of /v/. You should be able to feel very clearly the vibration that accompanies the sound of /v/, which is voiced, in contrast to the absence of such vibration with /f/, which is voiceless. Voicing is the result of moving air causing the vocal folds (or vocal cords) to vibrate within the larynx behind the cartilage of the Adams apple. This vibration, your voice, is what you feel and hear when you sustain the sound of /v/. Resources Collins, Beverley, and Inger M. Mees.  Practical Phonetics and Phonology: a Resource Book for Students. 3rd ed., Routledge, 2013.Klammer, Thomas P., et al.  Analyzing English Grammar. Pearson, 2007.Laver, John.  Principles of Phonetics. Cambridge University Press, 1994.Roach, Peter.  English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course. 4th ed., Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Rude Literary Agents

Rude Literary Agents A long-time follower and fellow mystery author wrote me recently after the smack-down from a rude literary agent. I recently got a nasty rejection letter from an agent that said, When we said we were looking for new Southern writers, we were looking for the next Pat Conroynot the next Dukes of Hazzard. I should have been insulted, but it kind of rings true, and I reminded her the show was on the air for seven years! A back-wood badge of honor! I understood. An agent once asked me in a rejection letter, Why would we want a book about an insurance agent? She was talking about Carolina Slade, the protagonist in my original mystery series who was an investigator for agriculture. My first instinct at reading that ignorance was that I didnt need an agent with that attitude or lack of sense, and I considered that rejection as me dodging a bullet. Ive been to enough writers conferences to see agents act foolishly, behaving as if they were royalty walking amongst the commoners. Theyve laughed on panels at the naivete of certain writers, chuckled behind their hands during blind critiquing panels, and sat at tables at banquets, only with other agents, mind you, while sniggering at the speakers. Regardless of how lofty these souls think they are, you do not want that personality representing you. They will not be loyal. If they sign you, youll be the current favorite toy until a brighter, shinier thing comes along. Last week, I spoke of self-respect. The more self-assured you are, the better your chances are of landing an agent. . . the right agent. Of course, your writing has to be good, but if you are confident in yourself, a good agent will recognize that strength. Theyll see you wont be deterred Most of all, theyll see that youre interested in creating your stories and spreading them to the world, and thats what any reputable agent wants, too.

Online multimedia cannot compete against the traditional CD multimedia Essay

Online multimedia cannot compete against the traditional CD multimedia systems.IN REPORT FORMAT - Essay Example Here I will show how the traditional CD technology was better as compared to new online multimedia technology. The term media is employed in difference to media which simply make use of conventional types of hand-produced or printed material. Multimedia comprises a mixture of animation, video, audio, interactivity, still images and text content types (Kenneth, 1998). Multimedia is an elderly notion that has been specified fresh meaning by the computer industry in the course of their hard work to make multimedia compatible computing platforms. If we define Multimedia in the scholarly sense then it will be called as the â€Å"interactive dramatization of information†. Multimedia technology employs the computer to unite animation, text, audio, and graphics and complete motion video in the user control. However mixture of these functions have been obtainable for several years, it has been hard to merge them so that the non-technical consumer is able to control them and thus produce documents or functions that add in all these features. Usually, putting collectively such arrangement necessitates the abilities of a computer programmer or an information technology professional. In the pervious few years there has been infrequent employ made of multimedia resources together in academia and in business, however this has been mainly driven by exper t persons working ad hoc and in separation. Multimedia is generally played and recorded, accessed or displayed by information processing multimedia devices, like that a computerized or an electronic device, however it can be a fraction of a live multimedia performance (Parker et al, 1996). This section presents the evolution of the multimedia technology from its origin to present online multimedia technology. In the year 1965 the expression Multimedia was employed to explain the â€Å"Exploding Plastic Inevitable†, a performance that combined live cinema, experimental